Theory Based Abstinence-only programs might work, study says

"The results of this trial should not be taken to mean that all abstinence-only interventions are efficacious. This trial tested a theory-based abstinence-only intervention that would not meet federal criteria for abstinence programs and that is not vulnerable to many criticisms that have been leveled against interventions that meet federal criteria. It was not moralistic and did not criticize the use of condoms. Moreover, it had several characteristics associated with effective sexual risk-reduction interventions. It was theory-based and tailored to the target population based on qualitative data and included skill-building activities. It addressed the context of sexual activity and beliefs about the consequences of sexual involvement derived from the target population.

The limitations of this trial should also be considered. The data were based on self reports, which can be inaccurate because of the failure of emory or socially desirable responding. As noted in the Methods, we used several procedures to increase the validity of self reports. In addition, analyses were inconsistent with the view that social desirability response bias accounted for the results. The relatively small number of sexually active adolescents limited the statistical power to test the effects of the safer sex and comprehensive interventions on condom use. Therefore, effects of these interventions on condom use were likely underestimated in this trial. The generalizability of the results may be limited to African American students in grades 6 and 7 who are willing to take part in a health promotion project on weekends. Whether the results would be similar with older adolescents or those of other races or in other countries is unclear."